initial income distribution

Experts emphasize that this structural stability is not accidental. One of the main factors driving inequality in initial income distribution is the aging population, particularly the rise in elderly single-person households, which grew from 15% in 1990 to around 28% by 2020. Yet it is precisely the strong social redistribution mechanisms that have kept Japan’s net Gini coefficient almost unchanged, increasing by only 0.02 over three decades. Among OECD countries, this represents one of the lowest rates of increase, and Japan’s level of income inequality after redistribution remains lower than that of the United States and most European nations. ดูหนังออนไลน์